An assessment study of using Turel Kongreng (river mussels) as a source of heterogeneous catalyst for biofuel production

The present study is an assessment of using Turd Kongreng (river mussels) as a source of heterogenous catalyst in biodiesel production. After the calcination is performed at 800 degrees C for 1 h, the calcinated samples were subjected to characterization techniques such as X-ray dispersive analysis, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy and Energy dispersive x-ray analysis. The characterizations showed excellent formation of calcium oxide (CaO) and the same is compared with CaO synthesized from other sources. A confirmation test using the newly synthesized CaO is conducted using waste cooking oil with catalyst loading of 10% (wt.%), alcohol to oil ratio of 10:1, reaction temperature of 75 degrees C and a reaction time of 60 mins. The study showed a conversion rate of 91.04%, which is well within the high conversion band among all other catalyst materials.