Assessment of quality of edible vegetable oils accessed in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia

Objective Edible vegetable oils are prone to quality deterioration through oxidation and microbial degradation resulting in nutritional loss and off-flavors. Quality deterioration may contribute in the formation of oxidation products that are reactive and toxic, which ultimately pose health risks including cancer and inflammation. The objective of this study was to assess quality of both imported and locally made edible vegetable oils accessed in Gondar City, Ethiopia. Cross-sectional study design was used to collect 60 samples randomly; 30 from locally made (Niger seed at market 14, Niger seed at production center 11, sunflower at the market 5) and 30 from imported palm oil brands (Avena 11, Hayat 4, Jersey 5 and Chef 10). Results The mean value for: moisture content (%) (0.333 +/- 0.08 while 0.089 +/- 0.11), specific-gravity (0.823 +/- 0.14 and 0.807 +/- 0.115), peroxide value (15.09 +/- 1.61 and 7.05 +/- 0.102 mill-equivalents of oxygen/kg), acid value (2.43 +/- 0.9 and 0.98 +/- 0.23 mg KOH/g oil) and iodine value (115.63 +/- 6.77 and 21.8 +/- 3.4 g I-2/100 g oil) for local and imported edible oils, respectively. The results highlight that all rancidity quality parameters of the locally made oil samples were not within the joint WHO/FAO standards whilst the imported oils showed a greater fatty acid saturation.