Reconstruction of segmental mandibular defects: Current procedures and perspectives

Background The reconstruction of segmental mandibular defects remains a challenge for the reconstructive surgeon, from both a functional and an esthetic point of view. Methods This clinical review examines the different techniques currently in use for mandibular reconstruction as related to a range of etiologies, including the different bone donor sites, the alternatives to free flaps (FFs), as well as the contribution of computer-assisted surgery. Recent progress and the perspectives in bone tissue engineering (BTE) are also discussed. Results Osseous FF allows reliable and satisfying outcomes. However, locoregional flap, distraction osteogenesis, or even induced membrane techniques are other potential options in less favorable cases. Obtaining an engineered bone with satisfactory mechanical properties and sufficient vascular supply requires further investigations. Conclusions Osseous FF procedure remains the gold standard for segmental mandible reconstruction. BTE strategies offer promising alternatives.