Roberge-Weiss periodicity, canonical sector, and modified Polyakov loop

To obtain deeper understanding of QCD properties at finite temperature, we consider the Fourier decomposition of the grand-canonical partition function based on the canonical ensemble method via the imaginary chemical potential. Expectation values are, then, represented by summation over each canonical sector. We point out that the modified Polyakov loop can play an important role in the canonical ensemble; for example, the Polyakov-loop paradox which is known in the canonical ensemble method can be evaded by considering the quantity. In addition, based on the periodicity issue of the modified Polyakov loop at finite imaginary chemical potential, we can construct the systematic way to compute the dual quark condensate which has strong unclearness in its foundation in the presence of dynamical quarks so far.