Depression and affective flexibility: A valence-specific bias

Depression might be associated with poor affective flexibility, defined as the ability to switch between emotional and non-emotional aspects of a stimulus. However, it is unclear whether affective inflexibility in depression is valence-specific, whether it predicts future depressive symptoms, and whether affective flexibility following a stressor, compared to before a stressor, better predicts depressive symptoms. Before and after a stressor, participants (N = 300) completed an affective switching task during which they categorized pictures either by the valence or by the number of humans present in the pictures. Slower shifting from emotional aspects of negative material before stress was uniquely associated with higher levels of prospective depressive symptoms. This negative bias in affective flexibility may hinder disengagement from negative information, thereby exacerbating depressive symptoms.