Employing the coupled stress components and surface elasticity for nonlocal solution of wave propagation of a functionally graded piezoelectric Love nanorod model

The higher-order stress components and surface effect are considered in this article for presentation of a nonlocal solution for a functionally graded piezoelectric nanorod. Love rod model is used for longitudinal wave propagation. The mentioned analysis is used to evaluate the governing differential equations of the system and characteristics of wave propagation in assumed nanorod. The model is excited by a two-dimensional electric potential and an initial applied voltage at top layer of rod. The mechanical and electrical properties are assumed variable along the thickness direction of rod. Hamilton's principle is used to arrive to governing differential equations of the electromechanical system. The effect of some important parameters such as applied voltage and gradation of material properties is studied on the wave characteristics of the rod. Furthermore, the effect of different distributions of electric potential on the phase velocity of the nanorod is evaluated.