Hydrogen production: Perspectives, separation with special emphasis on kinetics of WGS reaction: A state-of-the-art review

Fossil fuel depletion, global warming, energy security, and climate change spur interest in commercial and environmentally friendly alternative fuels. Palladium-based catalytic membrane technology currently produces ultrapure hydrogen from fossil fuels. Palladium exhibits high permeability, selectivity for hydrogen, and good surface properties. Properties of some palladium alloys enable the industrial production of hydrogen. Reaction rates and conversion depend on several parameters. This document reviews kinetic expressions for the water gas shift (WGS) reactions and WGS combined with Fischer Tropsch synthesis (WGS-FTS) reactions at high and low temperatures along with the details of the catalysts and operating conditions. The discussion includes mathematical reactor modeling. (C) 2016 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.