Roll-to-roll solvent annealing of printed P3HT:ICXA devices

Currently, large-scale roll-to-roll production of printed organic photovoltaics (OPVs) involves high temperature annealing steps that are not compatible with thermally sensitive substrates, such as coated fabrics. In particular, the processing temperatures needed to produce the required crystalline ordering in the printed films are typically above the deformation and melting-points of these substrates. In this paper we investigate the use of local solvent recrystallisation (solvent annealing) on the roll-to-roll scale as a method for avoiding high-temperature thermal annealing. Solvent annealing was performed by slot-die coating a mixture of chloroform and methanol over a previously printed P3HT IC(X)A active layer film. Peak device performance was found for the 30% chloroform/70% methanol annealing case which increased device performance by a factor of 4 over the not treated devices.