Artificial Interphases for Highly Stable Lithium Metal Anode

It has been a long pursuit for the adoption of the lithium (Li) metal anode because of its extremely high specific capacity and the lowest electrochemical equilibrium potential. However, the practical implement of Li anode is severely hindered by the unstable interfaces stemming from its ultrahigh reactivity, which directly dictates a low Coulombic efficiency, dendrite growth behavior, and even safety concerns. In this review, we focus on the emerging strategy of artificial protective films to fulfill a stable working Li metal anode. The recent efforts on strengthening the Li metal and liquid or solid electrolyte interfaces with artificial films are comprehensively summarized and discussed. This review highlights the significance of interface-related science and engineering in both liquid-state and solid- state Li metal batteries, affords fresh insights on the interdisciplinary issues, and calls on more dedication to pave the way for safe and high-energy-density Li metal batteries.