Significance of biochar application to the environment and economy

Biochar is a carbon-rich solid formed from the organic residue by pyrolysis. The productivity of biochar relies on feedstock type and pyrolysis conditions. Studies on biochar were discussed relating its application and production as a source of soil remediation and bioeconomy. Pyrolysis conditions, gasification, hydrothermal carbonization were discussed in this study in obtaining biochar for remediation of soil. Biochar have made substantial breakthroughs in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and global warming, reducing soil nutrient leaching losses, sequester atmospheric carbon into the soil, increasing agricultural productivity, reducing bioavailability of environmental contaminants and subsequently, becoming a value-added product sustaining bioeconomy. Bio-economy implies the exploration and exploitation of bio-resources, which involves the use of biotechnology to create new bio-products of economic value. Biochar is a marketable bio-product, which can be used in agriculture, industries and energy sector. Thus, biochar production can enhance soil property and provide opportunities for additional income. This review presents the production, agronomic and economic benefits of biochar.