Survey of Security Aspect of V2X Standards and Related Issues

In the past years, two communication technologies have emerged for Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, namely IEEE 802.11p-based and cellular-based solutions. However, V2X-related standards continue to evolve. For example, IETF has been working on V2X topics from an IP network and transport perspective. After completing the LTE-based V2X standard specifications, 3GPP continues with a 5G-based V2X solution. While IEEE 802.11p-based and cellular-based solutions appear to be two competing solutions, there have been proposals for a hybrid approach in which both technologies co-exist and are used at the same time in a different manner. However, this implies that there are two different security solutions with different architectures: this requires careful consideration to ensure co-existence and operation. This paper presents a survey of the recent developments in the area of V2X standardization with a focus on security aspects.