期刊
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
卷 220, 期 2, 页码 139-146出版社
COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD
DOI: 10.1242/jeb.140368
关键词
Nonlinear averaging; Global change; Thermal performance curves; Geometric average; Bootstrap estimation; External fertilization; Intermediate disturbance
类别
资金
- National Science Foundation [OCE-1130095]
Biologists often copewith variation in physiological, environmental and ecological processes by measuring how living systems perform under average conditions. However, performance at average conditions is seldom equal to average performance across a range of conditions. This basic property of nonlinear averaging - known as 'Jensen's inequality' or 'the fallacy of the average' - has important implications for all of biology. For instance, a burgeoning awareness of Jensen's inequality has improved our ability to predict how plants and animals will respond to awarmer andmore variable future climate. But formany biologists, the fallacy of the average is still a novel concept. Here, I highlight the importance of Jensen's inequality, provide a simple graphical approach to understanding its effects, and explore its consequences at atomic, molecular, organismal and ecological levels.
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