Vulnerability to climate change: Are innovative countries in a better position?

The impact of climate change on organizations and economies remains one of the most significant yet underestimated threats. Although the consequences of climate change have started to gain attention among policy makers, international business research on this issue is lagging behind. Drawing from the knowledge and innovation literatures, we explore the impact of a country's degree of innovation on its vulnerability to climate change. Using a longitudinal sample of 73 countries for the years of 1998-2013, we examine the impact of innovation, openness to trade, and regulatory quality on a country's vulnerability to climate change. We find that R&D expenditures as a percentage of GDP (innovation input), openness to trade, and regulatory quality decrease a country's vulnerability to climate change. We also find that openness to trade moderates the effect of patenting rates (innovation output) on a country's vulnerability to climate change.