M-learning technology in Arab Gulf countries: A systematic review of progress and recommendations

With the recent development in mobile devices and mobile services, mobile learning (m-learning) has become one of the most common research topics across Arab Gulf countries (AGC). The literature showed an inconsistent usage of m-learning in these countries. This paper sheds light on the progress of m-learning use in AGC, as well as offering recommendations to improve its adoption success. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify the current evidence on the use of m-learning in AGC across several groups of instructors and students. The results from reviewing 31 previous studies showed that students' and instructors' acceptance and use of m-learning were the main topics of concerned. In addition, the lack of research on leadership and policy practices in AGC may lead to technology failure. The key recommendations on best practices related to the use of m-learning in AGC were presented and discussed.