期刊
DESALINATION
卷 366, 期 -, 页码 94-112出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2014.12.038
关键词
Energy efficiency; Hydraulic fracturing; Frack water; High salinity; Produced water remediation
资金
- King Fand University of Petroleum and Minerals through the Center for Clean Water and Clean Energy at MIT [R4-CW-08, R13-CW-10]
- King Fand University of Petroleum and Minerals through the Center for Clean Water and Clean Energy at KFUPM [R4-CW-08, R13-CW-10]
- National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program [1122374]
- Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA [02/MI/MI/CP/11/07633/GEN/G/00]
On-site treatment and reuse is an increasingly preferred option for produced water management in unconventional oil and gas extraction. This paper analyzes and compares the energetics of several desalination technologies at the high salinities and diverse compositions commonly encountered in produced water from shale formations to guide technology selection and to inform further system development. Produced water properties are modeled using Pitzer's equations, and emphasis is placed on how these properties drive differences in system thermodynamics at salinities significantly above the oceanic range. Models of mechanical vapor compression, multi-effect distillation, forward osmosis, humidification-dehumidification, membrane distillation, and a hypothetical high pressure reverse osmosis system show that for a fixed brine salinity, evaporative system energetics tend to be less sensitive to changes in feed salinity. Consequently, second law efficiencies of evaporative systems tend to be higher when treating typical produced waters to near-saturation than when treating seawater. In addition, if realized for high-salinity produced waters, reverse osmosis has the potential to achieve very high efficiencies. The results suggest a different energetic paradigm in comparing membrane and evaporative systems for high salinity wastewater treatment than has been commonly accepted for lower salinity water. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
作者
我是这篇论文的作者
点击您的名字以认领此论文并将其添加到您的个人资料中。
推荐
暂无数据