Efficient ternary organic photovoltaics with two polymer donors by minimizing energy loss

Efficient ternary organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are fabricated with two polymer materials PF2 and J71 as donors and Y6 as the acceptor. The PF2 and J71 based binary OPVs exhibit 10.26% and 9.56% power conversion efficiency (PCE), respectively. Even with similar highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels of PF2 and J71, the J71 based binary OPVs show a relatively high open circuit voltage (V-OC) of 0.86 V compared with 0.71 V for PF2 based binary OPVs. The V(OC)s of ternary OPVs monotonously increased with the increase of J71 content in donors, which should be mainly ascribed to the reduced energy loss according to the V(OC)s of two binary OPVs and the HOMO energy levels of two donors. The short circuit current density (J(SC)) and fill factor (FF) of ternary OPVs can also be simultaneously enhanced with the J71 content up to 30 wt% in donors, leading to 12.12% PCE of the optimized ternary OPVs with a J(SC) of 24.97 mA cm(-2), a FF of 64.70% and a V-OC of 0.75 V. Reducing energy loss by the ternary strategy is rarely reported in the literature, which should also be an efficient method to realize performance improvement of OPVs.