Pb-Site Doping of Lead Halide Perovskites for Efficient Solar Cells

Although great success has been achieved in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), it still suffers from several drawbacks in terms of stability and higher efficiency. Doping as an effective method to modify the optical and electronic properties of the materials is extensively studied in lead halide perovskites (LHPs). Herein, Pb-site doping in organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIH-LHPs) and inorganic CsPbX3-based materials is discussed. Doping has three functions toward PSCs: participating in the crystalline process, modifying the energy states in LHPs, and contributing to the stability of PSCs. Issues about further improvements are raised, and perspectives for further investigation are presented.