Diabetic Vasculopathy: Macro and Microvascular Injury

Purpose of Review Diabetes is a common and prevalent medical condition as it affects many lives around the globe. Specifically, type-2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by chronic systemic inflammation alongside hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in the body, which can result in atherosclerotic legion formation in the arteries and thus progression of related conditions called diabetic vasculopathies. T2D patients are especially at risk for vascular injury; adjunct in many of these patients, their cholesterol and triglyceride levels reach dangerously high levels and accumulate in the lumen of their vascular system. Recent Findings Microvascular and macrovascular vasculopathies as complications of diabetes can accentuate the onset of organ illnesses; thus, it is imperative that research efforts help identify more effective methods for prevention and diagnosis of early vascular injuries. Current research into vasculopathy identification/treatment will aid in the amelioration of diabetes-related symptoms and thus reduce the large number of deaths that this disease accounts annually. This review aims to showcase the evolution and effects of diabetic vasculopathy from development to clinical disease as macrovascular and microvascular complications with a concerted reference to sex-specific disease progression as well.