期刊
CRYOSPHERE
卷 14, 期 2, 页码 497-519出版社
COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
DOI: 10.5194/tc-14-497-2020
关键词
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资金
- European Space Agency [4000116196/15/I-NB]
- Research Council of Norway [239918]
- Norwegian National Infrastructure for Research Data [NS9079K]
- Ministry of Education Youth and Sports of Czech Republic [LM2015078]
- Russian Antarctic Expedition [AAAA-A18-118013190181-6]
- Russian Government programme [AAAA-A18-118013190181-6]
Permafrost is present within almost all of the Antarctic's ice-free areas, but little is known about spatial variations in permafrost temperatures except for a few areas with established ground temperature measurements. We modelled a temperature at the top of the permafrost (TTOP) for all the ice-free areas of the Antarctic mainland and Antarctic islands at 1 km(2) resolution during 2000-2017. The model was driven by remotely sensed land surface temperatures and downscaled ERA-Interim climate reanalysis data, and subgrid permafrost variability was simulated by variable snow cover. The results were validated against in situ-measured ground temperatures from 40 permafrost boreholes, and the resulting root-mean-square error was 1.9 degrees C. The lowest near-surface permafrost temperature of -36 degrees C was modelled at Mount Markham in the Queen Elizabeth Range in the Transantarctic Mountains. This is the lowest permafrost temperature on Earth, according to global-scale modelling results. The temperatures were most commonly modelled between -23 and -18 degrees C for mountainous areas rising above the Antarctic Ice Sheet and between -14 and -8 degrees C for coastal areas. The model performance was good where snow conditions were modelled realistically, but errors of up to 4 degrees C occurred at sites with strong wind-driven redistribution of snow.
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