期刊
MEMBRANES
卷 10, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/membranes10010019
关键词
wastewater treatment; membrane distillation; crystallization; heavy metals; concentrated solutions; membrane fouling
类别
资金
- Beijing Municipal Natural Science [2182085]
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2018YFC1900304]
Tube membrane distillation (MD) integrated with a crystallization method is used in this study for the concurrent productions of pure water and salt crystals from concentrated single and mixed system solutions. The effects of concentrated Zn2+ and Ni2+ on performance in terms of membrane flux, permeate conductivity, crystal recovery rates, and crystal grades are investigated. Preferred crystallization and co-crystallization determinations were performed for mixed solutions. The results revealed that membrane fluxes remained at 2.61 kg center dot m(-2)center dot h(-1) and showed a sharp decline until the saturation increased to 1.38. Water yield conductivity was below 10 mu s center dot cm(-1). High concentrated zinc and nickel did not have a particular effect on the rejection of the membrane process. For the mixed solutions, membrane flux showed a sharp decrease due to the high saturation, while the conductivity of permeate remained below 10 mu s center dot cm(-1) during the whole process. Co-crystallization has been proven to be a better method due to the existence of the SO42- common-ion effect. Membrane fouling studies have suggested that the membrane has excellent resistance to fouling from highly concentrated solutions. The MD integrated with crystallization proves to be a promising technology for treating highly concentrated heavy metal solutions.
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