Best practices for the management of end-of-life gypsum in a circular economy

While gypsum can effectively be recycled, most gypsum waste (GW) is currently landfilled in the European Union. In order to achieve higher recovery rates and promote a closed-loop supply chain, it is necessary that stakeholders can implement best practices, in particular from waste production to waste processing, processes that are part of the end-of-life (EoL) stage. In this stage, waste production cannot be reduced, and therefore the priority should be to appropriately collect and recover EoL products. The aim of the paper is to investigate best practices for the management of EoL gypsum in a circular economy. To achieve this, best practices for the management of EoL construction products are selected from the literature, adapted to the case of EoL gypsum and subjected to stakeholder consultation. Results revealed significant differences in the waste management practices between two target groups: gypsum recycling and non-gypsum recycling countries. It is concluded that three best practices are fundamental to promote a circular economy for gypsum products: on-site segregation of GW, clear waste acceptance criteria and clear recycled gypsum quality criteria. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.