期刊
NANOPHOTONICS
卷 9, 期 3, 页码 547-567出版社
WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH
DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2019-0376
关键词
topological physics; nanophotonics; semiconductor lasers; microcavity lasers; photonic crystals; non-Hermitian photonics
资金
- MEXT KAKENHI [JP15H05700, JP15H05868, 17H06138]
- New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO)
- JST CREST [JPMJCR19T1, JPMJCR15N4]
- JSPS KAKENHI [JP18H05857]
- JST PRESTO [JPMJPR19L2]
- RIKEN Incentive Research Project
- Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences Program (iTHEMS) at RIKEN
- H2020-FETFLAG project PhoQus [820392]
- QUANTERA project Interpol [ANR-QUAN-0003-05]
- French National Research Agency project Quantum Fluids of Light [ANR-16-CE30-0021]
- French government through the Programme Investissement d'Avenir [I-SITE ULNE/ANR-16-IDEX-0004 ULNE]
- Metropole Europeenne de Lille (MEL) via the project TFlight
- Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Award [N00014-17-1-2671]
- NSF Career Award [ECCS1554021]
Topological photonics emerged as a novel route to engineer the flow of light. Topologically protected photonic edge modes, which are supported at the perimeters of topologically nontrivial insulating bulk structures, are of particular interest as they may enable low-loss optical waveguides immune to structural disorder. Very recently, there has been a sharp rise of interest in introducing gain materials into such topological photonic structures, primarily aiming at revolutionizing semiconductor lasers with the aid of physical mechanisms existing in topological physics. Examples of remarkable realizations are topological lasers with unidirectional light output under time-reversal symmetry breaking and topologically protected polariton and micro/nanocavity lasers. Moreover, the introduction of gain and loss provides a fascinating playground to explore novel topological phases, which are in close relevance to non-Hermitian and parity-time symmetric quantum physics and are, in general, difficult to access using fermionic condensed matter systems. Here, we review the cutting-edge research on active topological photonics, in which optical gain plays a pivotal role. We discuss recent realizations of topological lasers of various kinds, together with the underlying physics explaining the emergence of topological edge modes. In such demonstrations, the optical modes of the topological lasers are determined by the dielectric structures and support lasing oscillation with the help of optical gain. We also address recent research on topological photonic systems in which gain and loss, themselves, essentially influence topological properties of the bulk systems. We believe that active topological photonics provides powerful means to advance micro/nanophotonics systems for diverse applications and topological physics, itself, as well.
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