Worldwide disease epidemiology in the older persons

Key summary pointsAim To provide an overview on the current worldwide disease epidemiology in older persons. Findings Ischemic heart disease, stroke and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are the leading causes of disability and death in older people, whilst dementias have displayed the largest increase during the past 16 years. Message Cancers and dementias will probably display the highest mortality escalation during the next 40 years. Purpose This article provides an overview on the current worldwide disease epidemiology in older persons, analyzing information contained in the World Health Organization (WHO) health data and statistics database. Methods Epidemiology data on diseases in older persons (i.e., in subjects aged 60 years or older) were retrieved from the official WHO health data and statistics database. Results Ischemic heart disease (IHD), stroke and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are the leading causes of disability and death in older people, whilst dementias have displayed the largest increase during the past 16 years. With only few exceptions, significant sex difference can be observed in the majority of diseases causing disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and deaths in older people. DALYs are mostly caused by IHD, malignancies, COPD and cirrhosis in older men; whilst dementias, hearing loss, falls, hypertensive heart disease, back and neck pain and diarrheal diseases cause larger health loss in older women. Death rate for malignancies (except colorectal cancer), COPD, cirrhosis and tuberculosis is larger in older men; whilst mortality for cardiovascular disorders, dementias and diarrheal diseases is larger in older women. IHD is the leading cause of health loss and deaths in nearly all WHO regions, whilst infectious diseases still cause a substantial epidemiologic burden in Africa. Conclusions Cancers and dementias will probably display the highest mortality escalation during the next 40 years.