期刊
DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS
卷 103, 期 -, 页码 125-136出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr.2015.05.008
关键词
Meridional Overturning Circulation; North Atlantic Deep Water; Deep Western Boundary Current; South Atlantic Circulation
类别
资金
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS)
- Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA10OAR4320143]
- NOAA's Climate Program Office [NA13OAR4310131]
- NOAA Southwest Atlantic MOC project
- Physical Oceanography Division of NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
- Physical Oceanography Program of the National Science Foundation
- Australian Research Council [DE130101336]
- Australian Research Council [DE130101336] Funding Source: Australian Research Council
- Directorate For Geosciences
- Division Of Ocean Sciences [0752980] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
The pathways of recently ventilated North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) are part of the lower limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). In the South Atlantic these pathways have been the subject of discussion for years, mostly due to the lack of observations. Knowledge of the pathways of the AMOC in the South Atlantic is a first order prerequisite for understanding the fluxes of climatically important properties. In this paper, historical and new observations, including hydrographic and oxygen sections, Argo data, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), are examined together with two different analyzes of the Ocean general circulation model For the Earth Simulator (OFES) to trace the pathway of the recently ventilated NADW through the South Atlantic. CLIVAR-era CFCs, oxygen and salinity clearly show that the strongest NADW pathway in the South Atlantic is along the western boundary (similar to the North Atlantic). In addition to the western boundary pathway, tracers show an eastward spreading of NADW between similar to 17 and 25 degrees S. Analyzed together with the results of earlier studies, the observations and model output presented here indicate that after crossing the equator, the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) transports water with the characteristics of NADW and a total volume transport of approximately 14 Sv (1 Sv = 10(6) m(3) s(-1)). It crosses 5 S as a narrow western boundary current and becomes dominated by eddies further south. When this very energetic eddying flow reaches the Vitoria-Trindade Ridge (similar to 20 degrees S), the flow follows two different pathways. The main portion of the NADW flow continues along the continental shelf of South America in the form of a strong reformed DWBC, while a smaller portion, about 22% of the initial transport, flows towards the interior of the basin. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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