1,1′-Bis(di-tert-butylphosphino)ferrocene copper(I) complex catalyzed C-H activation and carboxylation of terminal alkynes

Four copper(I) complexes, [CuBr(dtbpf)] (1), [CuI(dtbpf)] (2), [Cu-4(mu(2)-I)(2)(mu(3)-I)(2)(mu-dtbpf)(2)] (3) and [Cu-6(mu(3)-I)(6)(mu-dtbpf)(2)]center dot 2CH(3)CN (4), were prepared using CuX (X = Br, I) and 1,1'-bis(di-tert-butylphosphino)ferrocene (dtbpf). These complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, IR, H-1 and P-31 NMR, ESI-MS and electronic absorption spectroscopy. Molecular structures of the complexes 2 and 4 were determined crystallographically. Complex 2 is the first monomeric isolated Cu(I) complex of dtbpf with the largest P-Cu-P bite angle (120.070(19)degrees) to date. Complex 4 shows a centrosymmetrical dimeric unit with two [Cu-3(mu(3)-I)(3)] motifs bridged by two bidentate dtbpf ligands in the kappa(1)-manner. Each [Cu-3(mu(3)-I)(3)] motif unites to form a pyramid with one copper atom at the apex and one of the triangular faces capped by an iodine atom. All the complexes were found to be efficient catalysts for the conversion of terminal alkynes into propiolic acids with CO2. Owing to the excellent catalytic activity, the reactions proceeded at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature (25 degrees C). The catalytic products were obtained in moderate to good yields (80-96%) by using complex loading to 2 mol%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of an active ferrocenyl diphosphine Cu(I) catalyst for the carboxylation of terminal alkynes with CO2.