Bioremediation of dyes using coconut parts via adsorption: a review

Coconut (Cocos nucifera) is a palm tree belonging to the Arecaceae family that possesses a thousand and one uses. Each part of the tree has it's uses and can be made into products. Also, various parts of the coconut tree have been utilized to remove various types of dyes from water and waste water via chemical, physical and biological methods. Adsorption is one of the widely used physical methods over their counterparts owing to cost efficiency and ease in handling. The key parameters for the adsorption process are the initial concentration of adsorbate, dosage of adsorbent, the pH and contact time. Additionally, the kinetic parameters, equilibrium isotherm and thermodynamics of the adsorption of dyes on the adsorbent were explored.