Evaluation of skin absorption of the Citrullus colocynthis in treatment of type II diabetic patients

Background and purpose Nowadays, among the herbal medicines utilized to treat diabetes, Citrullus colocynthis (CCT) is highly noticeable as it reduces blood glucose (BG) and stimulating insulin secretion. However, long-term oral consumption of this herbal medicine has often associated with digestive complications. In this study, skin absorption of CCT as a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of type II diabetic patients has been surveyed. Materials and methods 40 patients with type II diabetic (aged 45-65) were selected. Participants were asked for placing their metatarsus daily in a decoction containing 2% CCT solution for 40-60 min each day and continuing that for 10 days. Blood and urine samples of patients collected at the beginning and the end of the study. The samples were examined for the BG levels, serum insulin content, lipid profiles, hepatic enzymes, urea, creatinine, and microalbuminuria, The quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function (HOMA-beta) and disposition index (DI) indicators were also calculated. Results Local treatment of CCT could significantly decrease BG levels, stimulate insulin secretion and improve the function of pancreatic beta cells. It also decreased serum urea levels comparing to pre-treatment levels (p < 0.05) but there was no significant change in creatinine levels, lipid profiles, hepatic enzymes, micro-albuminuria, and other insulin sensitivity indexes. Conclusion This study demonstrated that the CCT plant can also have systemic therapeutic effects on type II diabetic patients through dermal absorption.