Atopic Dermatitis: Update on Pathogenesis and Therapy

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common inflammatory skin condition in pediatric patients. AD has long been associated with comorbidities including food allergies, asthma, and allergic rhinitis, but recent literature has expanded this list to include attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and depression. AD has tremendous impact on quality of life for both affected children and their families. Improved understanding of AD pathogenesis, particularly regarding skin barrier dysfunction, the role of the cutaneous microbiome, and immune dysregulation, has spawned exciting new therapeutic directions. Although good skin care and appropriate use of topical corticosteroids remain first-line treatment, more precisely targeted treatments hold great promise. A recently approved topical phosphodiesterase inhibitor, crisaborole, and a subcutaneously administered interleukin-4/interleukin-13 blocker, dupilumab, are the first of what will likely be many new treatment options for patients with AD.