Integrating IoT with LQR-PID controller for online surveillance and control of flow and pressure in fluid transportation system

In the modern upgradation era, monitoring and control system is essential to ensure the smooth operation of the long-distance pipeline in the fluid transportation system. Now-a-days, to design an accurate online monitoring and control system represents a critical task that requires proactive planning in fluid transportation system. In the fluid pipeline system, the huge amount of fluid loss caused by leakages, cracks and blockages due to extreme pressure changes in the pipelines during transportation. The present research work focuses on developing Integrated IoT based intelligent architecture to perform online monitoring and control of pressure and flow rate in the fluid transportation system. The proposed Integrtaed IoT based architecture holds SCADA with LQR-PID controller as local control unit or local intelliegnce. During crack and leak occurrences in the fluid pipeline, SCADA with PID controller cannot afford desired control action due to drastic change in the pressure and the flow rate. Hence the entire architecture is monitored and accessed through high-level online server IoT interface to identify leaks and cracks in the pipeline at the initial stage before it leads to any catastropic situations. In order to attain better data communication between cloud server and pipeline hardware setup, smart IoT module is designed and fabricated. Once the crack or leaks is identified in the IoT front end, immediately emergency shut off is activated by the cloud server through smart IoT module by stopping the pump. The developed Integrated IoT architecture is experimentally validated in real-time lab-scale fluid transportation pipeline system. Further in this present work, the performance of Linear Quadratic Regulator-PID controller to regulate pressure and flow rate of the fluid being tansported is analyzed by comparing with convnetional controllers like Internal-Mode controller and Zigler-Nichols controller.