期刊
PHYSICAL REVIEW E
卷 101, 期 3, 页码 -出版社
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.101.033208
关键词
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资金
- NSF EPSCoR [RII-Track-1, OIA-1655280]
- NSF/DOE Partnership in Basic Plasma Science and Engineering via NSF [PHY-1707247]
- NASA [NNH16AC60I]
- DOE OFES
- DOE through the LDRD program at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL)
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Science [DE-SC0018240]
- NSF [AST-1735414]
- U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration [89233218CNA000001]
- U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
It is well known that collisionless systems are dissipation free from the perspective of particle collision and thus conserve entropy. However, processes such as magnetic reconnection and turbulence appear to convert large-scale magnetic energy into heat. In this paper, we investigate the energization and heating of collisionless plasma. The dissipation process is discussed in terms of fluid entropy in both isotropic and gyrotropic forms. Evolution equations for the entropy are derived and they reveal mechanisms that lead to changes in fluid entropy. These equations are verified by a collisionless particle-in-cell simulation of multiple reconnecting current sheets. In addition to previous findings regarding the pressure tensor, we emphasize the role of heat flux in the dissipation process.
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