期刊
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
卷 9, 期 1, 页码 651-663出版社
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1741326
关键词
Theiler's disease; serum hepatitis; horse fly; stem cells; vertical transmission
资金
- Boehringer Ingelheim Advancement in Equine Research Award
- Harry M. Zweig Memorial Fund for Equine Research
- National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2016-67015-24765]
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health [K08AI141767]
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Craniofacial Research
Equine parvovirus-hepatitis (EqPV-H) has recently been associated with cases of Theiler's disease, a form of fulminant hepatic necrosis in horses. To assess whether EqPV-H is the cause of Theiler's disease, we first demonstrated hepatotropism by PCR on tissues from acutely infected horses. We then experimentally inoculated horses with EqPV-H and 8 of 10 horses developed hepatitis. One horse showed clinical signs of liver failure. The onset of hepatitis was temporally associated with seroconversion and a decline in viremia. Liver histology and in situ hybridization showed lymphocytic infiltrates and necrotic EqPV-H-infected hepatocytes. We next investigated potential modes of transmission. Iatrogenic transmission via allogeneic stem cell therapy for orthopedic injuries was previously suggested in a case series of Theiler's disease, and was demonstrated here for the first time. Vertical transmission and mechanical vectoring by horse fly bites could not be demonstrated in this study, potentially due to limited sample size. We found EqPV-H shedding in oral and nasal secretions, and in feces. Importantly, we could demonstrate EqPV-H transmission via oral inoculation with viremic serum. Together, our findings provide additional information that EqPV-H is the likely cause of Theiler's disease and that transmission of EqPV-H occurs via both iatrogenic and natural routes.
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