Oral or intravenous antibiotics?

Intravenous antibiotics are overused in hospitals. Many infections can be managed with oral antibiotics. Oral antibiotics avoid the adverse effects of intravenous administration. They are also usually less expensive. When intravenous antibiotics are indicated, it may be possible to switch to oral therapy after a short course. There are guidelines to aid the clinician with the timing of the switch so that there is no loss of efficacy. Infections that may be suitable for a short course of intravenous antibiotic include pneumonia, complicated urinary tract infections, certain intra-abdominal infections, Gram-negative bacteraemia, acute exacerbations of chronic lung disease, and skin and soft tissue infections. Bone and joint infections and infective endocarditis are managed with prolonged courses of intravenous antibiotics. However, there is research looking at the feasibility of an earlier switch to oral antibiotics in these conditions.