Model selection using information criteria, but is the best model any good?

1. Information criteria (ICs) are used widely for data summary and model building in ecology, especially in applied ecology and wildlife management. Although ICs are useful for distinguishing among rival candidate models, ICs do not necessarily indicate whether the best model (or a model-averaged version) is a good representation of the data or whether the model has useful explanatory or predictive ability. 2. As editors and reviewers, we have seen many submissions that did not evaluate whether the nominal best model(s) found using IC is a useful model in the above sense. 3. We scrutinized six leading ecological journals for papers that used IC to compare models. More than half of papers using IC for model comparison did not evaluate the adequacy of the best model(s) in either explaining or predicting the data. 4. Synthesis and applications. Authors need to evaluate the adequacy of the model identified as the best model by using information criteria methods to provide convincing evidence to readers and users that inferences from the best models are useful and reliable.