Recent advances in inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

In this work, we review the most recent advances in instrumentation, calibration strategies, and method development that have contributed to improving the analytical figures of merit and to expanding the applications of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). We particularly discuss new ICP OES developments involving low Ar consumption, plasma dual-view arrangements, mixed-gas plasmas, and high-resolution systems. New strategies to improve sample introduction involving electrothermal vaporization, ultrasound nebulization, chemical vapor generation, and temperature-controlled spray chambers are also examined. In addition, novel approaches to minimize matrix effects and improve sensitivity and accuracy are also reviewed. Finally, a perspective of opportunities for improvement and future research in ICP OES is presented.