Production of syngas from pyrolysis of biomass using Fe/CaO catalysts: Effect of operating conditions on the process

This study aimed to further optimize the operating conditions to produce hydrogen-enriched syngas from the catalytic pyrolysis of biomass in a two-stage fixed-bed reaction system with the Fe/CaO catalyst derived from layered double hydroxides (LDHs) precursor. Specifically, the effects of catalyst calcination temperature and catalytic bed temperature on the composition and yield of syngas were investigated. Various characterization techniques such as XRD, SEM, BET, H-2-TPR and CO2-TPD were employed to thoroughly characterize the Fe/CaO catalysts both before and after the catalytic reaction. It was found that the catalyst synthesized at a mild temperature of 600 degrees C performed the best in producing hydrogen-enriched syngas, probably because of its uniform morphology, smaller particle size, superior reducibility and stronger CO2 absorption ability. In addition, higher temperature was found to benefit the syngas production due to the acceleration of reaction rate and promotion of secondary cracking and reforming reactions of heavy organic molecules with the maximum syngas yield of 63.0 wt.% and H-2 yield of 172 mL/g biomass obtained at catalytic temperature of 800 degrees C using Fe/CaO catalyst calcined at 600 degrees C. Nevertheless, the H-2/CO ratio was only at a suboptimal level of 0.99 because the decomposition of CaCO3 at higher catalytic temperature released CO2 and suppressed the water gas shift reaction to produce more H-2.