期刊
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
卷 60, 期 3, 页码 757-768出版社
IOS PRESS
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-160567
关键词
Alzheimer's disease; amyloid; biomarker; ceramide; exosome; miRNA; sphingomyelinase; tau; vesicle
资金
- NIH [R01AG034389, F32044954]
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE [R01NS046835, R01NS095215] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING [R01AG034389, F32AG044954] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes, have emerged in the last 10 years as a new player in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with high potential for being useful as a diagnostic and treatment tool. Exosomes and other EVs are enriched with the sphingolipid ceramide as well as other more complex glycosphingolipids such as gangliosides. At least a subpopulation of exosomes requires neutral sphingomyelinase activity for their biogenesis and secretion. As ceramide is often elevated in AD, exosome secretion may be affected as well. Here, we review the available data showing that exosomes regulate the aggregation and clearance of amyloid-beta (A beta) and discuss the differences in data from laboratories regarding A beta binding, induction of aggregation, and glial clearance. We also summarize available data on the role of exosomes in extracellular tau propagation, AD-related exosomal mRNA/miRNA cargo, and the use of exosomes as biomarker and gene therapy vehicles for diagnosis and potential treatment.
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