期刊
IEEE ACCESS
卷 8, 期 -, 页码 38855-38871出版社
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2975663
关键词
Uncertainty; Stochastic processes; Schedules; Real-time systems; Load flow; Time factors; Load modeling; Battery storage systems; distributed energy resources; flexibility services management; real-time dispatch; renewable energy sources; stochastic day-ahead scheduling; stochastic programming
资金
- European Union
- Greek national funds through the Operational Program Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation, under the call RESEARCH - CREATE - INNOVATE [T1EDK-00450]
Over the last years, the role of the distribution system operator (DSO) has largely expanded. This is necessitated by the increased penetration of intermittent energy resources at the distribution level, as well as the new, more complex interactions with the transmission system operator (TSO). As such, to properly manage its system and to have an effective joint cooperation with the TSO, the DSO is required to procure and carefully manage flexibility services from distributed energy resources (DER). This paper introduces a thorough framework on optimal operational planning (day-ahead scheduling) and operational management (real-time dispatch) of active distribution systems under uncertainties, to avoid line congestions and voltage limit violations, and efficiently balance the distribution system. A two-stage stochastic programming model based on weighted scenarios is proposed to optimize the multi-period optimal power flow day-ahead scheduling, i.e., scheduled power flows at the TSO-DSO interface and reserved DER flexibility services. Subsequently, the operational management, realized with a predictive real-time dispatch model based on a constantly updated rolling horizon, aims to efficiently activate the available flexibility services to minimize deviations from the committed schedule. Different sources of flexibility are considered, with their respective response times also taken into account at real-time dispatch. The proposed framework is applied on two distribution systems and investigates the DSO& x2019;s level of risk exposure while minimizing its total cost (reservation and activation expenses). The results indicate that a less conservative approach at planning stage, despite the potential risk exposure, can lead to significant reduction in total expenses.
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