Experimental determination of shock speed versus exciter speed in a two-dimensional dusty plasma

A shock that is continuously driven by a moving exciter will propagate at a speed that depends on the exciter speed. We obtained this dependence experimentally, in a strongly coupled dusty plasma that was prepared as a single two-dimensional layer of charged microparticles. Attaining this result required an experimental advance, developing a method of driving a shock continuously, which we did using an exciter moving at a constant supersonic speed, analogous to a piston in a cylinder. The resulting compressional pulse was a shock that propagated steadily without weakening, ahead of the moving exciter. We compare our experimental results to an empirical form M-shock = 1 + sM(exciter), and to the prediction of a recent simulation.