The evolution of IL-4 and IL-13 and their receptor subunits

This review will outline what is known about the origins and evolution of type 2 cytokines and their receptors in vertebrates. It takes advantage of the recent advances made in gene identification from the many vertebrate genomes that have now been sequenced. It will also describe what functional studies have been performed to date, giving clues to the role of these molecules and signalling pathways in non-mammalian vertebrates. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.