Layered transition-metal hydroxides for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction

Hydrogen is a promising sustainable energy to replace fossil fuels owning to its high specific energy and environmental friendliness. Alkaline water electrolysis has been considered as one of the most prospective technologies for large scale hydrogen production. To boost the sluggish kinetics of hy-drogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media, abundant materials have been designed and fabricated. Herein, we summarize the key achievements in the development of layered transi-tion-metal hydroxides [TM(OH)(x)] for efficient alkaline HER. Based on the structure of TM(OH)(x) the mechanism of synergistic effect between TM(OH)(x) and HER active materials is illuminated firstly. Then, recent progress of TM(OH)(x)-based HER catalysts to optimize the synergistic effect are catego-rized as TM(OH)(x) and active materials, including species, structure, morphology and interaction relationship. Furthermore, TM(OH)(x)-based overall water splitting electrocatalysts and electrodes are summarized in the design principles for high activity and stability. Finally, some of key chal-lenges for further developments and applications of hydrogen production are proposed. (C) 2020, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.