期刊
CURRENT TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
卷 15, 期 19, 页码 1957-1963出版社
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD
DOI: 10.2174/1568026615666150515150106
关键词
Cell imaging; G-quadruplex; Probe; DNA
资金
- Hong Kong Baptist University [FRG2/13-14/008, FRG2/14-15/004]
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine (CCIR-SCM, HKBU)
- Health and Medical Research Fund [HMRF/13121482, HMRF/14130522]
- Research Grants Council [HKBU/201811, HKBU/204612, HKBU/201913]
- French National Research Agency/Research Grants Council [A-HKBU201/12]
- Science and Technology Development Fund, Macao SAR [103/2012/A3]
- University of Macau [MYRG091(Y2-L2)-ICMS12-LCH, MYRG-2015-00137-ICMS-QRCM, MRG023/LCH/ 2013/ ICMS]
The G-quadruplex structure is a non-canonical secondary DNA motif that is built from planar tetrads of guanine residues stabilized by Hoogsteen-type hydrogen bonding. Bioinformatics studies indicate that sequences rich in guanine that are able to form G-quadruplexes are widely distributed throughout the human genome, particularly in telomere and promoter regions of genes. G-quadruplex sequences found in the promoters of human oncogenes, such as k-ras, c-myc and bcl-2 have attracted particular attention as molecular targets for therapeutic intervention due to their potential capability to regulate gene expression at the transcriptional level. Moreover, the G-quadruplex structure has been associated with a number of human diseases arising from defective telomeric maintenance. Despite intensive research in this area, however, the actual function of G-quadruplexes in vivo has not yet been fully understood. Therefore, significant efforts have been devoted to the discovery of specific probes for visualizing and distinguishing G-quadruplex structures from other nucleic acid molecules likely to be found in biological environments. This review summarizes recent studies in the development of G-quadruplex probes over the past three years, with a particular emphasize on the detection and imaging of G-quadruplex structures within living cells. Furthermore, the detection and biological relevance of RNA G-quadruplexes is discussed.
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