Theoretical Simulation and Modeling of Three-Dimensional Batteries

The development of autonomous and stand-alone electronics with a small footprint size has prompted an increasing demand for high-performance energy-storage devices, with rechargeable three-dimensional (3D) batteries being one of these ideal energy devices. As batteries made up of 3D configurations become increasingly important in our daily lives, it is of similar importance to model their behaviors. Besides experimental studies, simulation modeling and analysis is another important approach to optimize the battery design and understand the electrochemical uniqueness of 3D batteries, such as construction principle, current and voltage distribution, and structure stability and evolution. In this work, we discuss the progress of theoretical research in 3D batteries and offer some general insights into their further development. It is hoped that this work will stimulate more exciting investigations, thus contributing to their mass deployment in electronics.