期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
卷 93, 期 5, 页码 457-469出版社
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1287454
关键词
Epigenetics; ionizing radiation; DNA methylation; radiotherapy; space radiation; transposable elements
资金
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health [1P20GM109005]
- NIH/UAMS Clinical and Translational Science Award [UL1TR000039, KL2TR000063]
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute
- National Space Biomedical Research Institute through the National Aeronautics and Space Administration NCC 9-58 [RE03701]
Purpose: Ionizing radiation (IR) is a ubiquitous environmental stressor with genotoxic and epigenotoxic capabilities. Terrestrial IR, predominantly a low-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation, is being widely utilized in medicine, as well as in multiple industrial applications. Additionally, an interest in understanding the effects of high-LET irradiation is emerging due to the potential of exposure during space missions and the growing utilization of high-LET radiation in medicine.Conclusions: In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the effects of IR on DNA methylation, a key epigenetic mechanism regulating the expression of genetic information. We discuss global, repetitive elements and gene-specific DNA methylation in light of exposure to high and low doses of high- or low-LET IR, fractionated IR exposure, and bystander effects. Finally, we describe the mechanisms of IR-induced alterations to DNA methylation and discuss ways in which that understanding can be applied clinically, including utilization of DNA methylation as a predictor of response to radiotherapy and in the manipulation of DNA methylation patterns for tumor radiosensitization.
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