Highly microporous nitrogen doped graphene-like carbon material as an efficient fuel cell catalyst

Nitrogen-doped carbon materials are known to be promising candidates as oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts used in fuel cells. However, developing metal-free catalysts with high performance and stability still remains a big challenge. Herein we report a new route by using the Maillard reaction, to caramelize ribose in a dispersing salt matrix, followed by carbonization of this caramel to synthesize metal-free catalysts. This catalytic material has the morphology of microporous nitrogen doped graphene-like carbon, and a highest surface area of 1261 m(2) g(-1) with a large amount of micropores. Such microporous structure offers numerous defects that generate a large number of reactive sites. As a result, when used as the cathode materials in fuel cells, the fuel cell shows a high power density of 547 mW cm(-2) under 1.0 atm back pressure with good stability with only 12.5% loss after 250 h. Such catalyst has good performance in the class of metal-free oxygen reduction reaction catalysts, and is possible for commercial use. (C) 2017 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.