An intensive multilocation temporal dataset of fungal and bacterial communities in the root and rhizosphere of Brassica napus

The plant microbiome has been recently recognized as a plant phenotype to help in the food security of the future population. However, global plant microbiome datasets are insufficient to be used effectively for breeding this new generation of crop plants. We surveyed the diversity and temporal composition of bacterial and fungal communities in the root and rhizosphere of Brassica napus, the world's second largest oilseed crop, weekly in eight diverse lines at one site and every three weeks in sixteen lines, at three sites in 2016 and 2017 in the Canadian Prairies. We sequenced the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene generating a total of 127.7 million reads and the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region generating 113.4 million reads. 14,944 unique fungal amplicon sequence variants (ASV) were detected, with an av-erage of 43 ASVs per root and 105 ASVs per rhizosphere sam-ple. We detected 10,882 unique bacterial ASVs with an aver-age of 249 ASVs per sample. Temporal, site-to-site, and line -driven variability were key determinants of microbial com-munity structure. This dataset is a valuable resource to sys-tematically extract information on the belowground micro -biome of diverse B. napus lines in different environments, at different times in the growing season, in order to adapt ef-fective varieties for sustainable crop production systems. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.