期刊
CURRENT OPINION IN CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
卷 29, 期 -, 页码 108-119出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.10.018
关键词
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资金
- BBSRC [BB/H531543/1, BB/L001926/1, BB/1018492/1, BB/K020358/1]
- US Partnering grant from BBSRC [BB/G016208/1]
- BBSRC/FAPESP grant [BB/1018492/1]
- Marie Curie [FP7-RG 276948]
- USDA Hatch Project [S-1041 VA-136288]
- NSF Award [IOS1442759]
- NIH Award [U19 TW008163]
- US Department of Energy Bioenergy Technologies Office
- BBSRC [BB/G016178/1, BB/H531543/1, BB/G016208/1, BB/K020358/1, BB/L001926/1, BB/I018492/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1442759] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/K020358/1, BB/I018492/1, BB/L001926/1, BB/G016208/1, BB/G016178/1, BB/H531543/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/E500595/1] Funding Source: researchfish
Organisms use diverse mechanisms involving multiple complementary enzymes, particularly glycoside hydrolases (GHs), to deconstruct lignocellulose. Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) produced by bacteria and fungi facilitate deconstruction as does the Fenton chemistry of brown-rot fungi. Lignin depolymerisation is achieved by white-rot fungi and certain bacteria, using peroxidases and laccases. Meta-omics is now revealing the complexity of prokaryotic degradative activity in lignocellulose-rich environments. Protists from termite guts and some oomycetes produce multiple lignocellulolytic enzymes. Lignocellulose-consuming animals secrete some GHs, but most harbour a diverse enzyme-secreting gut microflora in a mutualism that is particularly complex in termites. Shipworms however, house GH-secreting and LPMO-secreting bacteria separate from the site of digestion and the isopod Limnoria relies on endogenous enzymes alone. The omics revolution is identifying many novel enzymes and paradigms for biomass deconstruction, but more emphasis on function is required, particularly for enzyme cocktails, in which LPMOs may play an important role.
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