Antiviral Activity of Agarwood Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk and Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg.) Domke Leaves Ethanolic Extract Against Dengue Serotype 3 Virus in vitro

Dengue is mosquito borne diseases cause by dengue virus and found in tropical and sub-tropical climates worldwide. There is no specific treatment has been found for its cure. Exploration of secondary metabolites as antiviral is an attempt to treat Dengue. Agarwood, an aromatic sap-producing plant, contains secondary metabolites which are possibly antiviral. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of ethanolic extract of agarwood leaves of Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk. (AM) and Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg.) Domke (GV) as antiviral dengue. Agarwood leaves were extracted with soxhletation using 96% ethanol. Dengue serotype 3 (DENV-3) virus propagated in C6/36 cells. Cytotoxicity tests using WST-1 reagents and antiviral extract activity carried out in Vero cells. The concentration of extracts used ranged from 15.6 to 1000 mu g/mL. The secondary metabolite group from the extract with the best activity was determined using TLC and various detection reagents. The results showed that AM and GV had relatively low toxicity with theoretical CC50 of 566,154 ppm and 1499,167 ppm. GV extract showed better performance for antiviral activity based on RT-PCR up to 99.59% compared to the control at concentrations >125 ppm. Antiviral potential secondary metabolites detected in GV ethanolic extract are flavonoids, terpenoids and phenolic compounds.