期刊
CURRENT NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE REPORTS
卷 15, 期 3, 页码 -出版社
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11910-015-0529-1
关键词
Autoimmune encephalopathy; CNS autoimmunity; Anti-NMDA receptor antibodies; FIRES; Rasmussen's syndrome; Molecular mimicry
资金
- NINDS T32 training grant in neuroimmunology and neurological infectious disease [T32NS069351]
- National Institutes of Health
- Maryland Stem Cell Research Fund
- Accelerated Cure Project for Multiple Sclerosis
Encephalitis, an inflammatory condition of the brain that results in substantial morbidity and mortality, has numerous causes. Over the past decade, it has become increasingly recognized that autoimmune conditions contribute significantly to the spectrum of encephalitis causes. Clinical suspicion and early diagnosis of autoimmune etiologies are of particular importance due to the need for early institution of immune suppressive therapies to improve outcome. Emerging clinical observations suggest that the most commonly recognized cause of antibody-mediated autoimmune encephalitis, anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis, may in some cases be triggered by herpes virus infection. Other conditions such as Rasmussen's encephalitis (RE) and febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) have also been posited to be autoimmune conditions triggered by infectious agents. This review focuses on emerging concepts in central nervous system autoimmunity and addresses clinical and mechanistic findings linking autoimmune encephalitis and infections. Particular consideration will be given to anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis and its relation to herpes simplex encephalitis.
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