Antimicrobial Activity of Poly-epsilon-lysine Peptide Hydrogels Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

PURPOSE. To determine the antimicrobial activity of poly-epsilon-lysine (p epsilon K) functionalization of hydrogels against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. METHODS. Antimicrobial activities of p epsilon K and p epsilon K+ hydrogels were tested against both keratitis and a laboratory strain of P aeruginosa at a range of inocula sizes, over 4 and 24 hours. The number of viable CFU on p epsilon K and p epsilon K+ hydrogels or commercial contact lenses (CL) was investigated. Ex vivo porcine corneas were inoculated with P aeruginosa PAO1 (10(3) CFU) and incubated with p epsilon K+ hydrogels or commercial hydrogel CL for 24 hours and the effects of infection determined. RESULTS. p epsilon K+ hydrogels showed log reductions in viable CFU compared with p epsilon K hydrogels for all P aeruginosa strains, depending on inocula sizes and incubation time. After 24 hours p epsilon K+ hydrogels showed >5 and >7.5 log reduction in CFU compared with commercial hydrogel CL at 10(3) and 10(6) CFU, respectively. In an ex vivo porcine corneal infection model, p epsilon K+ hydrogels led to a significant decrease in viable PAO1 CFU and histologic analysis indicated a decreased infiltration of PAO1 into the stroma. CONCLUSIONS. p epsilon K+ hydrogels demonstrated enhanced antimicrobial activity versus nonfunctionalized p epsilon K hydrogels against clinically relevant P aeruginosa strains. p epsilon K+ hydrogels have the potential to be used as a bandage CL with innate antimicrobial characteristics to minimize the risk of microbial keratitis.