Photo-rechargeable zinc-ion batteries

Batteries that can be directly recharged by light would offer a new approach to balancing the unpredictable energy surpluses and deficits associated with solar energy. Here, we present a new aqueous zinc-ion battery (photo-ZIB) that can directly harvest sunlight to recharge without the need for external solar cells. The light charging process is driven by photo-active cathodes consisting of a mixture of vanadium oxide (V2O5) nanofibers, poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) and reduced graphene oxide, which provide the desired charge separation and storage mechanism. This process is studied using photodetectors, transient absorption spectroscopy and electrochemical analysis in dark and light conditions. The V2O5 cathodes have gravimetric capacities of similar to 190 mA h g(-1) and similar to 370 mA h g(-1) in dark and illuminated conditions respectively and photo-conversion efficiencies of similar to 1.2%. Finally, we demonstrate a fully functional photo-ZIB with a similar to 64 cm(2) optical window in pouch cell format.